Allergies affect more than 100 million Americans each year. The symptoms can range from from mild annoyance and irritation to reactions that require immediate medical attention. But how exactly do allergies develop, and what role does the immune system play in generating those symptoms? Read on to learn more.
How Allergies Occur
Allergies occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless substance as a threat. The body then attacks the substance, causing a variety of symptoms that could include itching, a runny nose, watery eyes and others.
When an individual is exposed to an allergen for the first time, like during a day in Grant Park, which could include pollen from blooming flowers, dust particles in the air or pet dander, the immune system may react as if this substance were harmful. During this exposure, the immune system produces a specific type of antibody called Immunoglobulin E. At the next exposure these antibodies react the same way. Once one reaction occurs, because of these antibodies, the immune system is primed to respond more aggressively upon subsequent exposures to the same allergen.
Triggering Allergy Symptoms
These cells are located in various tissues, including the skin, lungs and digestive system, resulting in the variety of symptoms produced. For instance, if the allergen is inhaled, histamine release in the nasal passages can lead to symptoms like sneezing, itching and a runny nose, common signs of allergic rhinitis, or hay fever. If the allergen affects the eyes, histamine may cause itching, redness and watering, leading to allergic conjunctivitis. In more severe cases, widespread release of histamine can lead to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention, as airways can close and breathing can stop.
In summary, the immune system generates allergy symptoms through a series of complex reactions culminate in the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals. While the immune system’s intent is to protect the body from harmful invaders, in the case of allergies, it mistakenly targets harmless substances, leading to allergic symptoms.
To learn more about the allergens that affect you most or to seek out allergy treatment, contact ENT of Georgia North to schedule a consultation today.
